Metadata

Name Hearing loss (deaf)
Category Ear
Sex
Adult Yes
UUID e0e67ee9-cce7-46fb-99c7-d8a036e4a52c
Definition Hearing loss is the loss of hearing in one or both ears, ranging from mild to profound.

Ontologies

Disease Ontology (DOID) DOID_10003
GWAS Catalogue EFO_1001176
MeSH D034381
SNOMED-CT 15188001
FinnGen H8_OTHHEARINGLOSS

Key Summary Statistics

Cases from any source

Total 46964
Female (%) 21980 (47%)
Male (%) 24984 (53%)

Year first recorded

deaf year of first event

Cases linked in all UK Biobank sources

Cross-source concordance

Vertical bars correspond to number of cases per source/intersection; horizontal bars to left correspond to total number of cases per source.

Cross-sourced deaf cases

Incidence & prevalence

Sex and age-stratified incidence and prevalence of deaf

Baseline prevalence stratified by sex

Female 731.31 (713.79,748.83)
Male 980.37 (958.57,1002.18)

Incidence stratified by sex

Female 54.98 (52.96,56.99)
Male 72.92 (70.33,75.51)

Incidence stratified by age

Ages 40-44 26.95 (23.65,30.25)
Ages 45-49 32.12 (29.01,35.24)
Ages 50-54 43.35 (39.97,46.72)
Ages 55-59 59.44 (55.82,63.06)
Ages 60-64 77.69 (74.07,81.31)
Ages 65-69 108.27 (103.26,113.28)

Period prevalence

Methods

Comparison with general population

Sex-standardised prevalence from CALIBER study (Kuan et al. 2019)

CALIBER and UKB deaf prevalence comparison for multiple age groups

Population Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
UK Biobank 524 (502,547) 803 (781,825) 1342 (1319,1367)
CALIBER 529 (523,535) 795 (786,803) 1285 (1274,

Stratified by age and Townsend deprivation status

Deprivation status Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
Least deprived 489(439,543) 755(708,804) 1276(1225,1327)
Low 522(470,578) 791(742,842) 1333(1282,1385)
Medium 505(456,559) 763(716,812) 1343(1291,1397)
High 497(451,545) 802(754,852) 1341(1286,1397)
Most deprived 585(539,634) 900(850,953) 1430(1372,1491)

Stratified by age and country

Country Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
England 524(499,549) 807(782,832) 1361(1334,1388)
Scotland 473(415,538) 699(645,757) 1056(995,1120)
Wales 611(526,706) 935(853,1022) 1592(1499,1690)

Risk factors analysis

‘Healthy’ BMI, smoking status ‘never’, or no hypertension (absence of hypertension records) were considered as reference values.

Hazard Ratio (HR) values with P < 0.0002 were considered to show significant association with disease onset after correction for multiple-testing using the Bonferroni method

N=153646, Events=402

Factor Level Hazard Ratio P value
BMI overweight 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) 0.637
BMI obese 2.13 (1.65, 2.77) 1.06e-08
BMI underweight 0 (0, Inf) 0.986
smoking previous 1.48 (1.19, 1.85) 0.000498
smoking current 2.47 (1.87, 3.26) 1.43e-10
hypertension yes 2.21 (1.8, 2.72) 5.76e-14

Risk factors analysis forest plot

Definition

UK Biobank field id Description Code Value
3393 Hearing aid user 1 Yes
4849 Hearing test done 11 I can only hear on the right side
4849 Hearing test done 12 I can only hear on the left side
4792 Cochlear implant 1 Yes
2247 Hearing difficulty/problems 99 I am completely deaf
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 H90 Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 H91 Other hearing loss
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 Z45.3 Adjustment and management of implanted hearing device
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 Z46.1 Fitting and adjustment of hearing aid
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 Z97.4 Presence of external hearing-aid
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 H90 Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 H91 Other hearing loss
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 Z45.3 Adjustment and management of implanted hearing device
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 Z46.1 Fitting and adjustment of hearing aid
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 Z97.4 Presence of external hearing-aid
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 H90 Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 H91 Other hearing loss
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 Z45.3 Adjustment and management of implanted hearing device
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 Z46.1 Fitting and adjustment of hearing aid
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 Z97.4 Presence of external hearing-aid
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 H90 Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 H91 Other hearing loss
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 Z45.3 Adjustment and management of implanted hearing device
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 Z46.1 Fitting and adjustment of hearing aid
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 Z97.4 Presence of external hearing-aid
42040 GP clinical event records 1493.00 H/O: hearing problem
42040 GP clinical event records 1C13100 Unilateral deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 1C13.00 Deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 1C13.11 Deafness symptom
42040 GP clinical event records 1C13200 Partial deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 1C13300 Bilateral deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 1C17.00 Hearing aid problem
42040 GP clinical event records 2BL..11 O/E - deaf
42040 GP clinical event records 2BL3.00 O/E - significantly deaf
42040 GP clinical event records 2BL4.00 O/E - very deaf
42040 GP clinical event records 2BL5.00 O/E - completely deaf
42040 GP clinical event records 2BM2.11 O/E - conductive deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 2BM3.11 O/E - perceptive deafness
42040 GP clinical event records 2DG..00 Hearing aid worn
42040 GP clinical event records 2DH0.00 Uses hearing loop
42040 GP clinical event records 7308400.0 Placement of hearing implant in external ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7308500.0 Attention to hearing implant in external ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7308600.0 Removal of hearing implant from external ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7311A00 Insertn bone anchors subcutaneous bone anchored hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records 7317C00 Placement of hearing implant in middle ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7317D00 Attention to hearing implant in middle ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7317.00 Removal of hearing implant from middle ear
42040 GP clinical event records 7319000.0 Insertion fixtures bone anchored hearing prosthesis Stage 1
42040 GP clinical event records 7319100.0 Insertion fixtures bone anchored hearing prosthesis Stage 2
42040 GP clinical event records 7319200.0 Reduction soft tissue for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319300.0 Attention to fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319400.0 One stage insert fixtures bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319500.0 Fitting external hearing prosthesis bone anchored fixtures
42040 GP clinical event records 7319600.0 First stge ins fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319.00 Attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319700.0 Second stage ins fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosth
42040 GP clinical event records 7319y00 Other specified attachment bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records 7319z00 Attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records 8D21.00 Provide head worn hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records 8D22.00 Provide body worn hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records 8D23.00 Ear fitting hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records 8D24.00 Replace hearing aid battery
42040 GP clinical event records 8D26.00 Provision of replacement hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records 8D2..12 Hearing aid provision
42040 GP clinical event records 8E3..00 Deafness remedial therapy
42040 GP clinical event records 8E3Z.00 Deafness remedial therapy NOS
42040 GP clinical event records 8HT2.00 Referral to hearing aid clinic
42040 GP clinical event records 8M41.00 Hearing aid requested
42040 GP clinical event records 9N0b.00 Seen in hearing aid clinic
42040 GP clinical event records 9NfB.00 Requires deafblind communicator guide
42040 GP clinical event records A560200 Rubella deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F580100 Presbyacusis
42040 GP clinical event records F580111 Senile presbyacusis
42040 GP clinical event records F581200 Noise-induced hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F581211 Noise induced deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F582.00 Unspecified sudden hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F590000 Unspecified conductive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F590100 Conductive hearing loss due to disorder of external ear
42040 GP clinical event records F590200 Conductive hearing loss due to disorder of tympanic membrane
42040 GP clinical event records F590300 Conductive hearing loss due to disorder of middle ear
42040 GP clinical event records F590400 Conductive hearing loss due to disorder of inner ear
42040 GP clinical event records F590500 Conductive hearing loss, bilateral
42040 GP clinical event records F590600 Conduct hear loss,unilat+unrestric hearing on contralat side
42040 GP clinical event records F590.00 Conductive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F590.11 Conductive deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F590y00 Combined conductive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F590z00 Conductive hearing loss NOS
42040 GP clinical event records F591000 Unspecified perceptive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591100 Sensory hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591200 Neural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591211 Nerve deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591300 Central hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591400 Congenital sensorineural deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591500 Ototoxicity - deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591511 Drug ototoxicity - deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591600 Sensorineural hearing loss, bilateral
42040 GP clinical event records F591700 Sensorineurl hear loss,unilat unrestrict hear/contralat side
42040 GP clinical event records F591800 Congenital prelingual deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591900 Bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591A00 Bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591B00 Profound sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591C00 Moderate sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591D00 Mild sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591E00 Severe sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591.00 Sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591.11 High frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591.12 Low frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591.13 Perceptive deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F591.14 Perceptive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591y00 Combined perceptive hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F591z00 Perceptive hearing loss NOS
42040 GP clinical event records F592000 Mix cond/sensneurl hear loss,unlat unrestrc hear/contrlat sd
42040 GP clinical event records F592100 Mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, bilateral
42040 GP clinical event records F592.00 Mixed conductive and sensorineural deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F592.11 Mixed hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F593.00 Deaf mutism, NEC
42040 GP clinical event records F594.00 High frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F595.00 Low frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F596.00 Maternally inherited deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F597.00 Mild acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F598.00 Moderate acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F599.00 Severe acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F59A.00 Profound acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F59A.11 Deafened
42040 GP clinical event records F59..00 Hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F59..11 Deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F59y.00 Other specified forms of hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records F59z.00 Deafness NOS
42040 GP clinical event records F59z.11 Chronic deafness
42040 GP clinical event records F5A..00 Hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records Fy1..00 Combined visual and hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records FyuU000 [X]Deaf mutism, not elsewhere classified
42040 GP clinical event records FyuU100 [X]Other specified hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records P400.00 Ear anomalies with hearing impaired, unspecified
42040 GP clinical event records P402.00 Other external ear anomaly with hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records P402z00 Other external ear anomaly with hearing impairment NOS
42040 GP clinical event records P40..00 Ear anomalies with hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records P40z.00 Other and unspecified ear anomaly with hearing impaired
42040 GP clinical event records P40z.11 Deafness due to congenital anomaly NEC
42040 GP clinical event records P40zz00 Ear anomaly with hearing impaired NOS
42040 GP clinical event records PKyP.00 Diab insipidus,diab mell,optic atrophy and deafness
42040 GP clinical event records Pyu1B00 [X]Malformation of ear with impairment of hearing, unspec
42040 GP clinical event records Z8B5100 Able to use hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z8B5300 Does use hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z8B5311 Uses hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z8B5500 Difficulty using hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z8B5.00 Ability to use hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911100 Fit hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911300 Adjust hearing aid settings
42040 GP clinical event records Z911400 Changing hearing aid battery
42040 GP clinical event records Z911500 Checking hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911700 Switching on hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911800 Turning off hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911900 Putting on hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911A00 Listening for feedback whistle of hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911B00 Attention to hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911E00 Fit ear mould for existing hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records Z911G00 Fit ear mould for hearing protection
42040 GP clinical event records Z911.00 Hearing aid procedure
42040 GP clinical event records Z9E8100 Hearing aid provision
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.00 Hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.11 Deafness
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.13 Hard of hearing
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.15 HI - Hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.16 HL - Hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.17 HOH - Hard of hearing
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.18 Hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.19 Hearing impaired
42040 GP clinical event records ZE87.20 Hearing impaired
42040 GP clinical event records ZL71600 Referral to registered hearing aid dispenser
42040 GP clinical event records ZN56900 Deaf telephone user
42040 GP clinical event records ZN56A00 Deaf-blind telephone user
42040 GP clinical event records ZV45G00 [V]Presence of external hearing-aid
42040 GP clinical event records ZV45N00 [V]Bone anchored hearing aid in situ
42040 GP clinical event records ZV53200 [V]Fitting or adjustment of hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records ZV53D00 [V]Adjustment and management of implanted hearing device
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNr Attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNc Removal of hearing implant from external ear
42040 GP clinical event records XE17O Ototoxicity - deafness
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNm Insertion of fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis Stage 1
42040 GP clinical event records XaRE5 Profound acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaOPs Maternally inherited deafness
42040 GP clinical event records XaKjD Uses hearing loop
42040 GP clinical event records XaZuE Profound sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNa Placement of hearing implant in external ear
42040 GP clinical event records X00kQ Low frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records XaRE4 Severe acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XE0s9 Hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XE1i5 O/E - hearing tested-8th nerve
42040 GP clinical event records XaRE1 Congenital prelingual deafness
42040 GP clinical event records XaZp4 Provision of replacement hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records XaZuF Mild sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNo Reduction of soft tissue for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records XaZuB Severe sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNb Attention to hearing implant in external ear
42040 GP clinical event records XaRE2 Mild acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaRE3 Moderate acquired hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNn Insertion of fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis Stage 2
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNp Attention to fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records XE1K4 Other and unspecified ear anomaly with hearing impaired
42040 GP clinical event records XE17P Deafness NOS
42040 GP clinical event records XE17N Sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaaLf Bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaaLg Bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNh Placement of hearing implant in middle ear
42040 GP clinical event records XaMkw Fitting of external hearing prosthesis to bone anchored fixtures
42040 GP clinical event records XaEEV Seen in hearing aid clinic
42040 GP clinical event records X00h2 Insertion of bone anchors for subcutaneous bone anchored hearing aid
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNq Other specified attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records XaPEU [V]Bone anchored hearing aid in situ
42040 GP clinical event records XaIRo Hearing aid problem
42040 GP clinical event records XaMkv One stage insertion of fixtures for bone anchored hearing prosthesis
42040 GP clinical event records X008t Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness
42040 GP clinical event records XaIkt Hearing aid requested
42040 GP clinical event records X00kP High frequency deafness
42040 GP clinical event records Xa0LN Hearing aid worn
42040 GP clinical event records XaYB3 Requires deafblind communicator guide
42040 GP clinical event records XaZuA Moderate sensorineural hearing loss
42040 GP clinical event records XaYPJ Combined visual and hearing impairment
42040 GP clinical event records XaLNi Attention to hearing implant in middle ear