Depression

Metadata

Name	Depression (depression)
Category	Psychiatric
Sex
Adult	Yes
UUID	51c4d3d1-321e-4d3d-b548-11aabebfa977
Definition	A mood disorder having a clinical course involving one or more episodes of serious psychological depression that last two or more weeks each, do not have intervening episodes of mania or hypomania, and are characterized by a loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities and by some or all of disturbances of appetite, sleep, or psychomotor functioning, a decrease in energy, difficulties in thinking or making decisions, loss of self-esteem or feelings of guilt, and suicidal thoughts or attempts.

Ontologies

Disease Ontology (DOID)	DOID_1596
GWAS Catalogue	EFO_0003761
MeSH	D003863
SNOMED-CT	35489007
FinnGen	F5_DEPRESSIO

Key Summary Statistics

Cases from any source

Total	159349
Female (%)	102153 (64%)
Male (%)	57196 (36%)

Year first recorded

Cases linked in all UK Biobank sources

Cross-source concordance

Vertical bars correspond to number of cases per source/intersection; horizontal bars to left correspond to total number of cases per source.

Incidence & prevalence

Baseline prevalence stratified by sex

Female	3687.2 (3654.73,3719.67)
Male	2447.78 (2416.25,2479.31)

Incidence stratified by sex

Female	50.38 (48.05,52.71)
Male	33.97 (32.06,35.89)

Incidence stratified by age

Ages 40-44	52.1 (46.59,57.62)
Ages 45-49	52.84 (48.04,57.65)
Ages 50-54	47.69 (43.44,51.94)
Ages 55-59	39.7 (36.21,43.19)
Ages 60-64	34.21 (31.52,36.9)
Ages 65-69	39.52 (36.34,42.69)

Period prevalence

Methods

Comparison with general population

Sex-standardised prevalence from CALIBER study (Kuan et al. 2019)

Population	Ages 40-49	Ages 50-59	Ages 60-69
UK Biobank	1499 (1462,1537)	1472 (1443,1501)	1307 (1284,1331)
CALIBER	2492 (2479,	2510 (2496,	2277 (2262,

Stratified by age and Townsend deprivation status

Deprivation status	Ages 40-49	Ages 50-59	Ages 60-69
Least deprived	1122(1047,1201)	1244(1185,1305)	1145(1098,1193)
Low	1238(1159,1322)	1255(1196,1317)	1155(1109,1204)
Medium	1456(1373,1543)	1390(1327,1455)	1245(1196,1297)
High	1453(1376,1534)	1480(1417,1546)	1363(1309,1419)
Most deprived	2011(1926,2099)	1968(1894,2043)	1704(1641,1769)

Stratified by age and country

Country	Ages 40-49	Ages 50-59	Ages 60-69
England	1402(1363,1443)	1349(1318,1381)	1207(1183,1233)
Scotland	1714(1603,1832)	1740(1655,1829)	1618(1543,1695)
Wales	2218(2053,2391)	2229(2104,2359)	1879(1779,1983)

Risk factors analysis

‘Healthy’ BMI, smoking status ‘never’, or no hypertension (absence of hypertension records) were considered as reference values.

Hazard Ratio (HR) values with P < 0.0002 were considered to show significant association with disease onset after correction for multiple-testing using the Bonferroni method

N=152960, Events=163

Factor	Level	Hazard Ratio	P value
BMI	overweight	1.3 (0.88, 1.92)	0.185
BMI	obese	1.75 (1.16, 2.63)	0.00738
BMI	underweight	0 (0, Inf)	0.991
smoking	previous	1.02 (0.7, 1.49)	0.904
smoking	current	3.45 (2.37, 5.02)	8.66e-11
hypertension	yes	1.36 (0.94, 1.95)	0.101

Definition

UK Biobank field id	Description	Code	Value
21063	Ever been offered/sought treatment for depression	1	Yes
20126	Bipolar and major depression status	3	Probable Recurrent major depression (severe)
20126	Bipolar and major depression status	4	Probable Recurrent major depression (moderate)
20126	Bipolar and major depression status	5	Single Probable major depression episode
20446	Ever had prolonged feelings of sadness or depression	1	Yes
20544	Mental health problems ever diagnosed by a professional	11	Depression
20002	Non-cancer illness code, self-reported	1286	depression
41202	Diagnoses - main ICD10	F32	Depressive episode
41202	Diagnoses - main ICD10	F33	Recurrent depressive disorder
41204	Diagnoses - secondary ICD10	F32	Depressive episode
41204	Diagnoses - secondary ICD10	F33	Recurrent depressive disorder
40001	Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10	F32	Depressive episode
40001	Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10	F33	Recurrent depressive disorder
40002	Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10	F32	Depressive episode
40002	Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10	F33	Recurrent depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	1465.00	H/O: depression
42040	GP clinical event records	212S.00	Depression resolved
42040	GP clinical event records	8BK0.00	Depression management programme
42040	GP clinical event records	8CAa.00	Patient given advice about management of depression
42040	GP clinical event records	8HHq.00	Referral for guided self-help for depression
42040	GP clinical event records	9H90.00	Depression annual review
42040	GP clinical event records	9H91.00	Depression medication review
42040	GP clinical event records	9H92.00	Depression interim review
42040	GP clinical event records	9HA0.00	On depression register
42040	GP clinical event records	9k40.00	Depression - enhanced service completed
42040	GP clinical event records	9k4..00	Depression - enhanced services administration
42040	GP clinical event records	9kQ..00	On full dose long term treatment depression - enh serv admin
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov0.00	Depression monitoring first letter
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov1.00	Depression monitoring second letter
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov2.00	Depression monitoring third letter
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov3.00	Depression monitoring verbal invite
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov4.00	Depression monitoring telephone invite
42040	GP clinical event records	9Ov..00	Depression monitoring administration
42040	GP clinical event records	E001300	Presenile dementia with depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E002100	Senile dementia with depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E004300	Arteriosclerotic dementia with depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E112000	Single major depressive episode, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	E112100	Single major depressive episode, mild
42040	GP clinical event records	E112200	Single major depressive episode, moderate
42040	GP clinical event records	E112300	Single major depressive episode, severe, without psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	E112400	Single major depressive episode, severe, with psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	E112500	Single major depressive episode, partial or unspec remission
42040	GP clinical event records	E112600	Single major depressive episode, in full remission
42040	GP clinical event records	E112.00	Single major depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	E112.11	Agitated depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E112.12	Endogenous depression first episode
42040	GP clinical event records	E112.13	Endogenous depression first episode
42040	GP clinical event records	E112.14	Endogenous depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E112z00	Single major depressive episode NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	E113000	Recurrent major depressive episodes, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	E113100	Recurrent major depressive episodes, mild
42040	GP clinical event records	E113200	Recurrent major depressive episodes, moderate
42040	GP clinical event records	E113300	Recurrent major depressive episodes, severe, no psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	E113400	Recurrent major depressive episodes, severe, with psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	E113500	Recurrent major depressive episodes,partial/unspec remission
42040	GP clinical event records	E113600	Recurrent major depressive episodes, in full remission
42040	GP clinical event records	E113700	Recurrent depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E113.00	Recurrent major depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	E113.11	Endogenous depression - recurrent
42040	GP clinical event records	E113z00	Recurrent major depressive episode NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	E118.00	Seasonal affective disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	E11..12	Depressive psychoses
42040	GP clinical event records	E11y200	Atypical depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	E11z200	Masked depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E130.00	Reactive depressive psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	E130.11	Psychotic reactive depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E135.00	Agitated depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E200300	Anxiety with depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E291.00	Prolonged depressive reaction
42040	GP clinical event records	E2B1.00	Chronic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	E2B..00	Depressive disorder NEC
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu20400	[X]Post-schizophrenic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu25100	[X]Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu25111	[X]Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu25112	[X]Schizophreniform psychosis, depressive type
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32000	[X]Mild depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32100	[X]Moderate depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32200	[X]Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32211	[X]Single episode agitated depressn w’out psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32212	[X]Single episode major depression w’out psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32213	[X]Single episode vital depression w’out psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32300	[X]Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32311	[X]Single episode of major depression and psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32312	[X]Single episode of psychogenic depressive psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32313	[X]Single episode of psychotic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32314	[X]Single episode of reactive depressive psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32400	[X]Mild depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32500	[X]Major depression, mild
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32600	[X]Major depression, moderately severe
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32700	[X]Major depression, severe without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32800	[X]Major depression, severe with psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32900	[X]Single major depr ep, severe with psych, psych in remiss
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32A00	[X]Recurr major depr ep, severe with psych, psych in remiss
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32.00	[X]Depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32.11	[X]Single episode of depressive reaction
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32.12	[X]Single episode of psychogenic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32.13	[X]Single episode of reactive depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32y00	[X]Other depressive episodes
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32y11	[X]Atypical depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32y12	[X]Single episode of masked depression NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32z00	[X]Depressive episode, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32z11	[X]Depression NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32z12	[X]Depressive disorder NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32z13	[X]Prolonged single episode of reactive depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu32z14	[X] Reactive depression NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33000	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode mild
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33100	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode moderate
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33200	[X]Recurr depress disorder cur epi severe without psyc sympt
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33211	[X]Endogenous depression without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33212	[X]Major depression, recurrent without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33213	[X]Manic-depress psychosis,depressd,no psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33214	[X]Vital depression, recurrent without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33300	[X]Recurrent depress disorder cur epi severe with psyc symp
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33311	[X]Endogenous depression with psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33312	[X]Manic-depress psychosis,depressed type+psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33313	[X]Recurr severe episodes/major depression+psychotic symptom
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33314	[X]Recurr severe episodes/psychogenic depressive psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33315	[X]Recurrent severe episodes of psychotic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33316	[X]Recurrent severe episodes/reactive depressive psychosis
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33400	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, currently in remission
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.00	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.11	[X]Recurrent episodes of depressive reaction
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.12	[X]Recurrent episodes of psychogenic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.13	[X]Recurrent episodes of reactive depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.14	[X]Seasonal depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33.15	[X]SAD - Seasonal affective disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33y00	[X]Other recurrent depressive disorders
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33z00	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu33z11	[X]Monopolar depression NOS
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu34100	[X]Dysthymia
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu34111	[X]Depressive neurosis
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu34112	[X]Depressive personality disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu34113	[X]Neurotic depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu34114	[X]Persistant anxiety depression
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu41200	[X]Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	Eu41211	[X]Mild anxiety depression
42040	GP clinical event records	X00SU	Masked depression
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zf	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	XaK6f	Depression interim review
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGR	Depression monitoring telephone invite
42040	GP clinical event records	XaK6d	Depression annual review
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Y0	Single major depressive episode
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Ze	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe with psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zc	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zc	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zc	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1ZY	[X]Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Za	[X]Other depressive episodes
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGO	Depression monitoring second letter
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGQ	Depression monitoring verbal invite
42040	GP clinical event records	XaItx	Depression management programme
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGN	Depression monitoring first letter
42040	GP clinical event records	X00SQ	Agitated depression
42040	GP clinical event records	XaK6e	Depression medication review
42040	GP clinical event records	X761L	Seasonal affective disorder
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1ZZ	[X]Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zb	[X]Depressive episode, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zb	[X]Depressive episode, unspecified
42040	GP clinical event records	XaLG0	Depression resolved
42040	GP clinical event records	XaKEz	Patient given advice about management of depression
42040	GP clinical event records	XaJWh	On depression register
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGL	Depression monitoring administration
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zd	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	XE1Zd	[X]Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe without psychotic symptoms
42040	GP clinical event records	XaMGP	Depression monitoring third letter
42040	GP clinical event records	XaL0r	Referral for guided self-help for depression