Metadata

Name Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (schizo)
Category Psychiatric
Sex
Adult Yes
UUID fcd2c90e-1c35-4b08-84c8-61131424a7d9
Definition A major psychotic disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. It affects the cognitive and psychomotor functions. Common clinical signs and symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and retreat from reality.

Ontologies

Disease Ontology (DOID) DOID_5419
GWAS Catalogue EFO_0000692
MeSH D012559
SNOMED-CT 58214004
FinnGen F5_SCHZPHR

Key Summary Statistics

Cases from any source

Total 2514
Female (%) 1130 (45%)
Male (%) 1384 (55%)

Year first recorded

schizo year of first event

Cases linked in all UK Biobank sources

Cross-source concordance

Vertical bars correspond to number of cases per source/intersection; horizontal bars to left correspond to total number of cases per source.

Cross-sourced schizo cases

Incidence & prevalence

Sex and age-stratified incidence and prevalence of schizo

Baseline prevalence stratified by sex

Female 28.53 (24.94,32.12)
Male 45.22 (40.3,50.14)

Incidence stratified by sex

Female 1.04 (0.77,1.3)
Male 1.2 (0.89,1.52)

Incidence stratified by age

Ages 40-44 1.31 (0.6,2.03)
Ages 45-49 1.79 (1.07,2.5)
Ages 50-54 1.33 (0.76,1.91)
Ages 55-59 0.78 (0.39,1.18)
Ages 60-64 0.89 (0.52,1.25)
Ages 65-69 1.01 (0.57,1.45)

Period prevalence

Methods

Comparison with general population

Sex-standardised prevalence from CALIBER study (Kuan et al. 2019)

CALIBER and UKB schizo prevalence comparison for multiple age groups

Population Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
UK Biobank 62 (54,70) 45 (40,51) 37 (34,42)
CALIBER 102 (100,105) 97 (95,100) 91 (88,94)

Stratified by age and Townsend deprivation status

Deprivation status Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
Least deprived 15(7,26) 10(5,17) 19(14,27)
Low 11(5,22) 18(11,26) 25(18,33)
Medium 28(17,43) 30(22,42) 23(17,31)
High 56(42,75) 38(28,51) 45(35,56)
Most deprived 156(132,182) 126(107,146) 85(71,100)

Stratified by age and country

Country Ages 40-49 Ages 50-59 Ages 60-69
England 62(54,71) 42(37,48) 38(33,43)
Scotland 69(47,96) 58(43,76) 41(30,55)
Wales 48(26,80) 56(38,81) 27(17,43)

Risk factors analysis

‘Healthy’ BMI, smoking status ‘never’, or no hypertension (absence of hypertension records) were considered as reference values.

Hazard Ratio (HR) values with P < 0.0002 were considered to show significant association with disease onset after correction for multiple-testing using the Bonferroni method

N=153513, Events=116

Factor Level Hazard Ratio P value
BMI overweight 1.85 (1.14, 2.99) 0.0128
BMI obese 1.9 (1.12, 3.22) 0.0174
BMI underweight 0 (0, Inf) 0.993
smoking previous 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) 0.367
smoking current 1.79 (1.09, 2.95) 0.0215
hypertension yes 1.55 (1.01, 2.37) 0.0432

Genetic correlation

Genetic correlation (rg) P value
0.96 1.88e-17

Published study: Lam (2019)

Definition

UK Biobank field id Description Code Value
20544 Mental health problems ever diagnosed by a professional 2 Schizophrenia
20002 Non-cancer illness code, self-reported 1289 schizophrenia
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F20 Schizophrenia
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F21 Schizotypal disorder
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F22 Persistent delusional disorders
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F25 Schizoaffective disorders
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F28 Other nonorganic psychotic disorders
41202 Diagnoses - main ICD10 F29 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F20 Schizophrenia
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F21 Schizotypal disorder
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F22 Persistent delusional disorders
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F25 Schizoaffective disorders
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F28 Other nonorganic psychotic disorders
41204 Diagnoses - secondary ICD10 F29 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F20 Schizophrenia
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F21 Schizotypal disorder
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F22 Persistent delusional disorders
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F25 Schizoaffective disorders
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F28 Other nonorganic psychotic disorders
40001 Underlying (primary) cause of death: ICD10 F29 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F20 Schizophrenia
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F21 Schizotypal disorder
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F22 Persistent delusional disorders
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F25 Schizoaffective disorders
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F28 Other nonorganic psychotic disorders
40002 Contributory (secondary) causes of death: ICD10 F29 Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records 1464.00 H/O: schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records 146H.00 H/O: psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records 212W.00 Schizophrenia resolved
42040 GP clinical event records 212X.00 Psychosis resolved
42040 GP clinical event records 285..11 Psychotic condition, insight present
42040 GP clinical event records 286..11 Poor insight into psychotic condition
42040 GP clinical event records E100000 Unspecified schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E100100 Subchronic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E100200 Chronic schizophrenic
42040 GP clinical event records E100300 Acute exacerbation of subchronic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E100400 Acute exacerbation of chronic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E100500 Schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E100.00 Simple schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E100.11 Schizophrenia simplex
42040 GP clinical event records E100z00 Simple schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E101000 Unspecified hebephrenic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E101400 Acute exacerbation of chronic hebephrenic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E101500 Hebephrenic schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E101.00 Hebephrenic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E101z00 Hebephrenic schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E102000 Unspecified catatonic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E102100 Subchronic catatonic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E102400 Acute exacerbation of chronic catatonic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E102500 Catatonic schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E102.00 Catatonic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E102z00 Catatonic schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E103000 Unspecified paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103100 Subchronic paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103200 Chronic paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103300 Acute exacerbation of subchronic paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103400 Acute exacerbation of chronic paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103500 Paranoid schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E103.00 Paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E103z00 Paranoid schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E105000 Unspecified latent schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E105200 Chronic latent schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E105500 Latent schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E105.00 Latent schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E105z00 Latent schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E106.00 Residual schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107000 Unspecified schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107100 Subchronic schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107200 Chronic schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107300 Acute exacerbation subchronic schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107400 Acute exacerbation of chronic schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107500 Schizo-affective schizophrenia in remission
42040 GP clinical event records E107.00 Schizo-affective schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107.11 Cyclic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E107z00 Schizo-affective schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E10..00 Schizophrenic disorders
42040 GP clinical event records E10y000 Atypical schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E10y100 Coenesthopathic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E10y.00 Other schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E10y.11 Cenesthopathic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E10yz00 Other schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E10z.00 Schizophrenia NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E120.00 Simple paranoid state
42040 GP clinical event records E121.00 Chronic paranoid psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records E121.11 Sander’s disease
42040 GP clinical event records E122.00 Paraphrenia
42040 GP clinical event records E12..00 Paranoid states
42040 GP clinical event records E12y000 Paranoia querulans
42040 GP clinical event records E12y.00 Other paranoid states
42040 GP clinical event records E12yz00 Other paranoid states NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E12z.00 Paranoid psychosis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records E1…00 Non-organic psychoses
42040 GP clinical event records E1y..00 Other specified non-organic psychoses
42040 GP clinical event records E1z..00 Non-organic psychosis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20000 [X]Paranoid schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20011 [X]Paraphrenic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20100 [X]Hebephrenic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20111 [X]Disorganised schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20200 [X]Catatonic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20211 [X]Catatonic stupor
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20212 [X]Schizophrenic catalepsy
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20213 [X]Schizophrenic catatonia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20214 [X]Schizophrenic flexibilatis cerea
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20300 [X]Undifferentiated schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20311 [X]Atypical schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20400 [X]Post-schizophrenic depression
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20500 [X]Residual schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20511 [X]Chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20600 [X]Simple schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20.00 [X]Schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20y00 [X]Other schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20y12 [X]Schizophreniform disord NOS
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20y13 [X]Schizophrenifrm psychos NOS
42040 GP clinical event records Eu20z00 [X]Schizophrenia, unspecified
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.00 [X]Schizotypal disorder
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.11 [X]Latent schizophrenic reaction
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.12 [X]Borderline schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.13 [X]Latent schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.14 [X]Prepsychotic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.15 [X]Prodromal schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.16 [X]Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu21.17 [X]Pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22000 [X]Delusional disorder
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22011 [X]Paranoid psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22012 [X]Paranoid state
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22013 [X]Paraphrenia - late
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22014 [X]Sensitiver Beziehungswahn
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22015 [X]Paranoia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22100 [X]Delusional misidentification syndrome
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22111 [X]Capgras syndrome
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22200 [X]Cotard syndrome
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22300 [X]Paranoid state in remission
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22.00 [X]Persistent delusional disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22y00 [X]Other persistent delusional disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22y11 [X]Delusional dysmorphophobia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22y12 [X]Involutional paranoid state
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22y13 [X]Paranoia querulans
42040 GP clinical event records Eu22z00 [X]Persistent delusional disorder, unspecified
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25000 [X]Schizoaffective disorder, manic type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25011 [X]Schizoaffective psychosis, manic type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25012 [X]Schizophreniform psychosis, manic type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25100 [X]Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25111 [X]Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25112 [X]Schizophreniform psychosis, depressive type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25200 [X]Schizoaffective disorder, mixed type
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25211 [X]Cyclic schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25212 [X]Mixed schizophrenic and affective psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25.00 [X]Schizoaffective disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25y00 [X]Other schizoaffective disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25z00 [X]Schizoaffective disorder, unspecified
42040 GP clinical event records Eu25z11 [X]Schizoaffective psychosis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records Eu26.00 [X]Nonorganic psychosis in remission
42040 GP clinical event records Eu2..00 [X]Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu2y.00 [X]Other nonorganic psychotic disorders
42040 GP clinical event records Eu2y.11 [X]Chronic hallucinatory psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records Eu2z.00 [X]Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records Eu2z.11 [X]Psychosis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records ZV11000 [V]Personal history of schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records XE1ZP [X]Other persistent delusional disorders
42040 GP clinical event records XE1Y2 Chronic paranoid psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records XE1ZU [X]Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records XaMwd Schizophrenia resolved
42040 GP clinical event records XE1ZM [X]Other schizophrenia
42040 GP clinical event records XE1Y5 Non-organic psychosis NOS
42040 GP clinical event records XE1hk Neurotic condition, insight present
42040 GP clinical event records XE1hl Poor insight into neurotic condition
42040 GP clinical event records XaMwe Psychosis resolved
42040 GP clinical event records XE1ZN [X]Schizotypal disorder
42040 GP clinical event records XaL07 H/O: psychosis
42040 GP clinical event records XE1Xx Other schizophrenia